Marketing Managers Marketing Mix Marketing Essay

trade Managers Marketing Mix Marketing Es opineThe Marketing Mix, a basic tool of Marketing managers, the particular flowture of merchandising techniques, for example, set, packaging, and advertising, riding habitd to promote the sale of a proceeds. Marketing managers bring the chemical segments of the Four Ps together, combining them to achieve a greater result from their combination then(prenominal) each of the individual effects of the Four Ps.In brief this assignment is concerned ab let out merchandise management .It covers in details closely the supposition of merchandise mix with the aid of PepsiCo Inc., Which I have taken as a case study in exploring the way this organization has applied the trade mix.CONTENTSEXECUTIVE SUMMARYINTRODUCTIONBACKGROUN OF THE COMPANYLITERATURE SURVEY IN MARKETING immingleMARKETING MIX IN PEPSICO INCCONCLUSIONREFERENCES concomitantINTRODUCTIONMarketing is about identifying human and social ask, in shortest form may be meeting the need s put onably. In other words securities industry terminate be defined as an organizational function and set of processes for creating, communicating and delivering value to nodes and managing customer relationships in ways thats welf ar the organization and its stakeholders (merchandising management, Philip Kotler Kevin route Keller 13th Edition 2006).Mainly trade was not being done only with the marketing department of the organization. It needs to interact with the aspects of the customers experience marketers must flop manage all possible points to satisfy the customer. Satisfying the customers was not an easy task for a marketer to market his carrefour, a proper marketing formulate definitely needed for the success of the product for this, marketing mix was a very important tool for the proper marketing plan in success. Thats why now a days marketing mix as become a very vital role in the organization products. The proper marketing mix definitely gives a positive gro wth and enabling the organization to increase the market share in the particular rear market.MARKETING MIXThe term marketing mix refers to the four-spot major areas of decision making in the marketing process that are blended the results desired by the organization. The four elements of the marketing mix are sometimes referred to the four Ps of marketing. The marketing mix shapes the role of marketing with in all types of organization, both profit and non-profit. Marketing managers make numerous decision based on the various sub elements of the marketing mix, all in an attempt to satisfy the needs and wants of customers.In new-fangled times, we have seen the explosion of new media (Internet, viral marketing, event marketing, product placement, etc.) decreased television viewership, the advent of TiVo and similar technology where viewers can be stick out through commercials, and increased cost-cutting pressures. All of this has unite to increase prerequisites for marketing depar tments to maximize the return on their marketing investments that is to optimize the combination of marketing and advertising investments in order to generate the greatest gross revenue growth and or maximize winnings. Marketing mix modelling measures the potential value of all marketing inputs and identifies marketing investments that are to the highest degree likely to produce long-term revenue growth.As a marketing manager of PepsiCo Inc., is a world leader in satis pointory snacks, foods and beverages with revenues of much than $39 billion and over 185,000 employees. Here i am going to discuss about my organization, organization marketing strategy and mainly the marketing mix implemented by PepsiCo.BACKGROUND OF THE COMPANYNAME PEPSI COCOUNTRY OF ORGIN UNITED STATESINDUSTRY Food Snacks Non-alcoholic BeveragesCEO Indra Krishnamurthy NooyiPRODUCTS Pepsi Mountain Dew Sierra overcast Starbucks Frappucino Lipton Iced Tea Tropicana products, Etc.,HISTORYThe Pepsi Cola Comp any began in 1898 by a Pharmacist and Industrialist Caleb Bradham, but it only became known as PepsiCo when it merged with Frito Lay in 1965. Until 1997, it also owned KFC, Pizza Hut, and Taco Bell, but these fast-food restaurants were spun off into Tricon Global Restaurants, now Yum Brands, Inc. PepsiCo purchased Tropicana in 1998 and Quaker Oats in 2001. In December 2005, PepsiCo surpassed Coca-Cola Company in market value for the first time in 112 years since both companies began to compete.PepsiCo, In unifiedd (Short for Pepsi Company) (NYSEPEP) is a big(a) multinational with interests in manufacturing, marketing and selling a wide variety of carbonated and non-carbonated beverages, as well as salty, sweet and grain-based snacks, and other foods. Besides the Pepsi-Cola brands. PepsiCo is a world leader in convenient snacks, foods and beverages with revenues of more than $39 billion and over 185,000 employees.In IndiaPepsiCo gained entry to India in 1988, by creating ventures wi th Punjab government-owned Punjab Agro Industrial Corporation (PAIC) and Voltas India Limited. This joint venture marketed and sold Lehar Pepsi until 1991, when the design of foreign brands was allowed PepsiCo bought out its partners and ended the joint venture in 1994. In 2003, the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE), a non-governmental organization in New Delhi, said aerated amniotic fluid produced by soft swallows manufacturers in India, including multinational giants PepsiCo and The Coca-Cola Company, contained toxins, including lindane, DDT, malathion and chlorpyrifos pesticides that can contribute to cancer, a breakdown of the immune system and cause birth defects. Tested products included Coke, Pepsi, 7 Up, Mirinda, Fanta, Thumps Up, Limca, and Sprite. CSE found that the Indian-produced Pepsis soft drink products had 36 times the take aim of pesticide residues permitted under European Union regulations Coca Colas 30 times.CSE said it had tested the same products in the US and found no such residues. However, this was the European standard for water, not for other drinks. No law bans the presence of pesticides in drinks in India.In 2006, the CSE once again found that soda drinks, including both Pepsi and Coca-Cola, had high levels of pesticides in their drinks. Both PepsiCo and The Coca-Cola Company maintain that their drinks are safe for consumption and have published newspaper advertisements that say pesticide levels in their products are less than those in other foods such as tea, fruit and dairy products. In the Indian state of Kerala, sale and production of Pepsi-Cola, on with other soft drinks, was banned by the state government in 2006, but this was reversed by the Kerala High Court merely a calendar month later. Five other Indian states have announced partial bans on the drinks in schools, colleges and hospitals. (http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PepsiCoPepsiCo_in_India)LITERATURE SURVEYMARKETINGMarketing is a social and managerial process where by individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating and exchanging products and value with others (kotler and Armstrong formulas of marketing)MARKETING MIXMarketing mix is the set of controllable tactical marketing tools that the form blends to produce the response it wants in the target market. marketing mix is consist of every thing the firm can do to influence the requirement for its products the many possibilities can be collected in to four groups of variables 4pproduct, price, place, and promotion (kotler Armstrong ).The marketing mix principle are controllable variable which have to be carefully manage and must need the target customers. All elements of the marketing mix are linked and support each other.PRODUCTThe first element in the marketing mix is the product .The term product refers to the tangible physical products as well it includes services. produce bureau the goods and services combination the connection offers to the target market . (Kotler Armstrong) .An object or a service that is mass produced or manufactured on a lifesize scale with a specific lot of units. A typical example of a mass produced service is the hotel industry. A less obvious but ubiquitous mass produced service is a electronic computer operating system.Product is divided in to three basic levelsCore productsActual productsAugmented productsCore ProductsThe perceived or real core benefit or service to be gained from a product.Actual ProductA composite of the features and capabilities offered note and durability, design and product styling, packaging and brand name.Augmented Products bread and butter for the product, including customer service, warranty, delivery and credit, personnel, installation and after-sales support.PRICEThe second element in marketing mix is price. The price of the product covers all the expenses incurred in manufacturing and selling. Price is the cadence of money customers have to pay to obtain the product.(kotle r armstrong) .It is determined by a number of factors including market share, competition, material costs, product identity and the customers perceived value of the product. The subscriber line may increase or decrease the price of product if other stores have the same product. For example When determine a new product, businesses can use either market penetration pricing or a skimming strategy.Types of determinePENETARTION PRICINGPenetration pricing is the pricing technique of setting a relatively low initial entry price, a price that is often lower than the eventual market price. The expectation is that the initial low price bequeath secure market acceptance by breaking down existing brand loyalties. Penetration pricing is most commonly associated with a marketing neutral of increasing market share or sales volume, rather than short term profit maximization.SKIMMING PRICINGSkimming pricing is the strategy of establishing a high initial price for a product with a view to skimm ing the cream off the market at the upper end of the take up curve. It is accompanied by heavy expenditure on promotion. A skimming strategy may be recommended when the nature of demand is uncertain, when a order has expended large sums of money on research and development for a new product, when the competition is expected to develop and market a similar product in the dear future, or when the product is so innovative that the market is expected to mature very slowly.Pricing objectives usually four formsProfitabilityVolumeMeeting the competitor prestigiousnessProfitabilityProfitability means that the firm focuses mainly on maximizing its profit. Under profitability, a company increases its prices so that additional equals the increase in product production cost.VolumeVolume pricing objectives a company aims maximize sales volume with in a given specific profit margin. The focus of volume pricing is increasing sales rather than on an immediate increase in profits.Meeting the Co mpetitionMeeting the price level competitors is another pricing strategy. It is focusing in less on price and more on non-price competition items such as location and services.PrestigePrestige pricing refers to the practice of setting a high price for an product, throughout its entire life cycle as opposed to the short term timeserving high price of price skimming. This is done in order to evoke perceptions of quality and prestige with the product or service.PROMOTIONPromotion is the third element in the marketing mix.Promotion means that the activities communicate the merits of the product and persuade the target customers to buy their product. (kotler)Promotion represents all of the converses that a marketer may use in the marketplace. Promotion has four distinct elements advertising, public relations, word of mouth and point of sale. A certain amount of crossover occurs when promotion uses the four principle elements together, which is common in film promotion. advert covers any communication that is paid for, from television and cinema commercials, radio and Internet adverts through print media and billboards. One of the most notable means of promotion today is the Promotional Product, as in useful items distributed to targeted audiences with no obligation attached. This category has grown each year for the prehistorical decade while most other forms have suffered. It is the only form of advertising that targets all five senses and has the recipient thanking the giver. Public relations are where the communication is not directly paid for and includes press releases, sponsorship deals, exhibitions, conferences, seminars or trade fairs and events. Word of mouth is any apparently informal communication about the product by ordinary individuals, satisfied customers or people specifically engaged to create word of mouth momentum. Sales staff often plays an important role in word of mouth and Public Relations. (http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marketing_mix)For example a consumer is likely to want only one variant of your product and expect to purchase it immediately. A retail merchant is likely to want limited stock of a number of variants and not expect to pay for 60 days. A distributor is looking at large volumes of product in all its variants at greatly discounted rates. Your dissemination policy needs to take account of these variables. If it does not, then you will find yourself in a very embarrassing position with a customer sooner or later which would result in the loss of a sale.The elements of the communication process areSenderDecodingMessage / MediaDecodingReceiverFeedback NoiseThere are four promotion tools. Each promotion tools has its own unique characteristics and function.AdvertisingSales promotionPublic relationsPersonal selling(Term explanations are in Appendix)PLACEThe fourth element of the marketing mix is place .Place includes company activities that makes the product available to target customers (kotler) Place rep resents the location where a product can be purchased. It is often referred to as the distribution channel. It can include any physical store as well as virtual stores on the Internet. Place refers to having the right product, in the right location, at the right time to be purchased by consumers. This proper placement of product is done through middle people called the channel of distribution. The channel of distribution is comprised of interdependent manufacturers, wholesalers, and retailers. Each participant in the channel of distribution is concerned with three basic utilities time, place, and possession. Time utility refers to having a product available at the time that will satisfy the needs of consumers. Place utility occurs when a firm provides satisfaction by locating products where they can be easily acquired by consumers. The last utility is possession utility, which means that wholesalers and retailers in the channel of distribution provide services to consumers with as f ew obstacles as possible.MARKETING MIX IN PEPSIPRODUCTAs per kotler said product means any thing that can be offered to a market for attention, acquisition, use or consumption and might satisfy a want or need .mostly products are fall into two segments .consumer products and industrial productsThe Pepsi drink contains basic ingredients found in most other similar drinks including carbonated water, high fructose corn syrup, sugar colourings, phosphoric acid, citric acid and natural flavours. The caffeine free Pepsi cola contains the same ingredients but no caffeine.QualityPepsi follows one quality standard across the globe. Pepsi has a long-standing commitment to protecting the consumers whose trust and confidence in its products is the bedrock of its success. In order to ensure that consumers stay informed about the global quality of all Pepsi products sold in world .Pepsi products carry a quality assurance seal on them. The core benefit is drink for refreshment without alcohol and the feature is black colour with contain Aspartame (Nutra Sweet), Sucralose (splenda), Acesulfame Potassium (Sunnett). Augmented ProductGood customer support (i.e. Accessible, fast)DifferentiationPepsi has attempted to mark its products from cokes, but with little success. In an attempt to differentiate its products from cokes, Pepsi shifted its focus to the growing American teenage market in the 1990s, while coke continued to target baby boomers. Pepsi foc utilise on varietal differentiation since 1999 by introducing a string of niche products although product innovation has been quickly copied by Coke. Since product extensions generate ample uncertainty with modest results and high cost, both firms could jointly de-escalate the introduction of new products in favour of focusing on core brands, with some idiom on product innovation. Pepsi could signal this intent by announcing its strategy publicly, hopefully encouraging Coke to follow suit.Brand Extension in PepsiPRICINGPricin g is the only mix which generate the turn over for the organization the remaining are the variable cost for the organization. Price must support all elements of marketing mix, pricing is very difficult and must reflect and supply demand relationship.Types of pricing Strategy.Penetration pricingPenetration Pricing is a market-based approach to pricing wherein the price is set to a sufficiently low level (below the prices of competing products) to make the product attractive to the mass market. The aim is to achieve a large market share by high initial sales. It is introducing the product at a low price intended to capture the mass market for the product or service.Skimming pricingA product pricing strategy by which a firm charges the highest initial price that customer will pay. As the demand of the first customers is satisfied, the firm lowers the price to attract another, more price-sensitive segment. Therefore, the skimming strategy gets its name from skimming successive layers of cream, or customer segments, as prices are bring down over time.Competition pricingMethod in which a seller uses prices of competing products as a benchmark instead of considering owns costs or the customer demand.Product Line pricingProduct lining is the marketing strategy of offering for sale several related products. Unlike product bundling, where several products are combined into one, lining involves offering several related products individually. A line can comprise related products of various sizes, types, colours, qualities, or prices. Line depth refers to the number of product variants in a line. Line consistency refers to how closely relate the products that make up the line are. Line vulnerability refers to the percentage of sales or profits that are derived from only a few products in the line.Bundle PricingAnother pricing adjustment designed to increase sales is to offer discounted pricing when customers purchase several different products at the same time. Termed bun dle pricing, the technique is often apply to sell products that are complementary to a main product. For buyers, the boilers suit cost of the purchase shows a savings compared to purchasing each product individually.Psychological PricingPsychological pricing or price ending is a marketing practice based on the theory that certain prices have a psychological impact. The retail prices are often expressed as eccentric prices a little less than a round number.The ASIA CSD market is mature. The industry sales growth is largely driven by population growth as well as the amount of advertising and product innovation taking in the industry. Given the mature nature of the market, both PepsiCo and coca-cola have resorted to pricing favoritism strategies to maximise the value of the consumer demand.Direct Pricing DiscriminationThe simplest form of extracting customer surplus is charging customers with different prices based on their location and purchasing power. This is evident in the inte rnational operations of both Pepsi and Coca cola. Cola prices in Mexico, Brazil and Eastern Europe are lower than prices in Asia. Restaurant fountain drinks, angiotensin-converting enzyme drinks at gas stations and take-home packs at supermarkets have all different prices on a per-unit basis even though their costs correct for packaging and distribution would not warrant such a discrepancy. Obviously, such segmentation helps situational-based pricing differences.In-Direct Pricing DiscriminationQuantity discounts along with price coupons used in supermarkets are obvious indirect price discrimination tools Pepsi can use. However, the most effective indirect price discrimination tool Pepsi has is in fact its brand name. The Pepsi brand equity actually allows the company to maintain its pricing power. Retailers use this product category to induce store traffic and create additional sales, which in turn reduces their power relative to Pepsi. Given the 80% margin on concentrate, it is e asy to see why Wal-Mart and other discount retailers can cut Pepsis pricing with private labels, but still they will be ineffective in stealing Pepsi customers as long as Pepsis brand (and Cokes for that sake) maintains high customer loyalty.PROMOTIONThe successful products are service means nothing and less the benefits of such service can be communicated clearly in to the target market. commonly the promotional mix consists ofAdvertisingPublic relationssales promotionPersonal sellingDirect mail internet, e-commerceNormally Pepsi spending more on advertising rather than any other promotion mix. The main promotional strategy for Pepsi is advertising on media and taking part in social corporate events and sometimes Pepsi also offering sales promotions during the non-peak periods to retain the sales partly, now Pepsi advertising in internet also. As a marketing manager of Pepsi should go with Virgos advertising strategy to overcome the competitor and also Pepsi should contribute pub lic relation also that will definitely give positive and rapid sales increase.PLACEThe distribution and logistics operations of the PepsiCo, one of the worlds leading beverages and snack foods companies. The distribution system of the company clearly explaining the significance of various distribution channels used including supermarkets/retail stores, fountain/restaurant, convenience stores, vending machines and others for distributing beverages and snack foods. It also describes the logistics operations of PepsiCos bottler (Pepsi Americas) and elaborates on how by employing the latest wireless technology solutions it enhanced the efficiency of its distribution and logistics operations significantly.CONCLUSIONPepsi Inc., as built reputation around the world as a major player in the soft drink market as well as the leader in the snack food industry. This has been done by creating a wholesome environment for their customers all the while maintaining its integrity. This can be seen in the marketing mix which is the successful mix such as product, price, promotion and distribution. But in PepsiCo distribution must understand the vastness of an efficient distribution and logistics management system in reducing costs and creating value for customers. An effective marketing program brings together all of the elements of the marketing mix to achieve the organisations marketing objectives by delivering to customers what they want and need. Thus, the most successful companies will be those that can meet these needs most effectively.REFERENCESMarketing a emolument for Profit A Practical Guide to Key Service Marketing ConceptsBy Ian Ruskin-Brown, Greg Clark,Published by Kogan Page Publishers, 2007MarketingBy Richard SandhusenPublished by Barrons Educational Series, 2008The Marketing MixPublished by Primedia Corporate University, 1998Marketing managementBy Philip Kotler and ArmstrongWeb Referenceshttp//www.pepsi.com/http//www.pepsico.com/http//www.sirpepsi.com/pepsi11.h tm