Strength of Character in No Rainbows, No Roses :: No Rainbows No Roses Essays

Strength of Character in No Rainbows, No Roses Every man is born with either a silver spoon in his verbalise or a shovel in his hand. If the former is the case, that individual hatful look forward to a life of relative ease and privilege. If it is the latter, however, the person had silk hat prepare himself to dig through the pile of misfortune life is going to heap upon him. This is the balance of life--that for every man born under a light sun, there is at least one born under ominous gray thunderclouds. Those individuals who have a natural inclination towards hard times do have a certain advantage, however, over those who ceaselessly seem to have it easy. True adversity gives birth to a strength of character that those who avoid it can never hope to attain, understand, or even recognize. The most beautiful aspect of this strength of character is that it enables the precious few who possess it to look beyond the wooly-minded curtain of their suffering and reach out to those around them, touching them with something that cannot be defined and will not be forgotten. Perhaps the reason that bad things always seem to happen to good people is that without a foundation of goodness, this strength of character could not exist and all suffering would be in vain. This inspiration strength can be seen in Beverly Dipos essay, No Rainbows, No Roses. Dipo, a nurse, relates her experience of being touched by the strength of a dying woman. This woman, Mrs. Trane, was at the end of her long battle with cancer. Dipo had never seen Mrs. Trane before, but when she entered her patients room, all her previous medical experience told her she was about to witness Mrs. Tranes last night. Gathering the sterile entertain of this medical knowledge around her, Dipo began her usual ministrations, trying to make her patient as comfortable as possible. Touched by the weakness and fragility of her patient, Dipo pulled a chair up and sat by Mrs. Tranes side. She was bothered by the absence of the dying womans family until Mrs. Trane weakly stated, I . . . sent . . . my . . . family . . . home . . . tonight . . . didnt want . . . them . . . to .

Unix :: essays research papers fc

UNIX was the first operating system designed to run on dissimilar computers by converting most hardware specific commands in machine wrangle into an independent curriculumming language called C . UNIX was the basis of AT&Ts telephone system and the governments wide area net profit system. Then it became the basis of communication between engineers and scientists, and eventually the basis of communication for everyone worldwide. It has held this remarkable spot since 1969. However, in the 1990s there are competitors in the market, namely, Microsoft muckle with its Windows NT product. But UNIX-based software suppliers are not just turning over and letting the competitors win. UNIX remains, and will remain a major player in the marketplace. The unequaled advantage of the UNIX operating system when it was introduced was that it could (and still does) run on dissimilar machines, unheard of prior to 1969. UNIX also can run more than one program at a time, store complex graphics and databases, and link to other UNIX and mainframe computer systems, including DOS since the late 1980s. UNIX-based systems control various programs written by many companies to distribute information between multiple computers within the network. This minimizes user costs and eliminates system-wide hardware crashes. Some of the original UNIX programs are still evident today. UNIX was veritable at AT&T in 1969, primarily for controlling the phone network and handling government communications. Hewlett-Packard, IBM, Sun Systems, other U.S. companies and international companies now shell out versions of UNIX that work best on their computers. UNIX has enjoyed a long, exclusive history, but Microsoft is trying to establish Windows NT as the premier Web server and replace UNIXs rife position as the Internets operating system. Although the Internet was originally developed around UNIX, some companies who design software for the Internet are bonnie reluctant to embrace UNIX for this purp ose. A major reason for moving to NT instead of UNIX is that the UNIX operating system is expensive, whereas Microsoft Windows NT is affordable to everyday users. The other major advantage of Microsoft Windows NT is importantly easier to install and maintain. Also, UNIX requires additional utility software such as NetWare, which is already built in to Microsoft Windows NT. The cost of replacing that hardware is a strong setting for most companies considering a switch to Microsoft Windows NT. Other users are not so quick to jump on the NT bandwagon.

Philosophy of Classroom Discipline Essay -- essays research papers

Philosophy of Classroom DisciplinePower is exercised only over free subjects, and only insofar as they are free. By this we mean individual or collective subjects who are faced with a field of possibilities in which some(prenominal) ways of behaving, several reactions and diverse compartments may be realized. (Foucault) Foucault and Heidegger, modern philosophers, both describe power in these terms, as the facility to manipulate an object without force. Understanding this point of moot is important, not only for state institutions who attempt to exert power over citizens and deviants, but also for teachers as they try to use disciplinary power to sustain the events in their classroom. Unfortunately, the majority of status quo disciplinary systems are entrenched in the mindset that power can be exerted over individuals through the use of imperative punishments and threats, actions which usually have the complete opposite result, less control over the students. A system that more closely mirrors Thomas Gordons view of arena as self-control would be a far superior disciplinary model because it recognizes the true nature of power. Thomas Gordons disciplinary model specifically critiques the use of coercion and intimidation to exert power and control over students. Coercion to Gordon only reinforces a notion that violence is an acceptable form of control. Additionally, coerced and scare students will often retaliate against authority figures who attempt to exert coerciv...

Essay --

Cauvery River Dispute - The Cauvery river deviation is one of the longest river enmity today. The dispute began in 1974 when the 50 year old agreement between the Karnataka and Tamil Nadu Collapsed. The Cauvery basin covers majorly 3 states and 1 UT i.e. it originates Talacauvery in Coorg in Mysore state and so flows to Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Puducherry. But the Use and development of Cauvery Waters were regulated by agreements of 1892 and 1924, which were solely between the Mysore and Tamil Nadu. According to the Karnataka government the 1924 agreements states the discontinuation of the weewee fork out to Tamil Nadu after 50 year. In 1990, SC directs centre to constitute Cauvery Water dispute tribunal (CWDT). The tribunal heard both the parties and reached a end point that Karnataka should release 205TMC of water supply to Tamil Nadu, every month. Karnataka denied the ruling and argued that it is impossible to implement the decision as in failed monsoons many areas of Kar nataka are left without water. In that end they have to transfer water at the cost of their own people. In August 1998 the Centre constituted the Cauvery River Authority to ensure the implementation of the CWDT. The Cauvery Water Disputes courtroom (CWDT) announced its final verdict on 5 February 2007, after 16 years. The courtyard made the two agreements of 1892 and 1924 functional. According to the verdict, Tamil Nadu was supposed to get 419 zillion ft of Cauvery water while Karnataka was supposed to get 270 one thousand million ft. But the Karnataka still didnt release the water as per the tribunal ruling. On 19 September 2012, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, and also the Chairman of the Cauvery River Authority, ordered Karnataka government to release around 9,000 cus... ...sing rapidly. Karnataka depends heavily on Cauvery to fulfil its drinking necessarily where as Tamil Nadu depends on Cauvery for irrigation. Wide scale Rice cultivation in Tamil Nadu is one of the reaso ns that Cauvery inescapably so much water. The question is wherefore the food security of Tamil Nadu depends heavily on rice, as TN doesnt have the resources to grow rice in such quantities. According to R K Sivanappan, former head of the Water Technology Centre of the Coimbatore Agricultural University, Tamil Nadu could meet all its municipal water requirements by reducing the area chthonic paddy cultivation by just 2 per cent from the present level of 2.7 million ha.Bothe states should start looking for other methods to solve their water woes or should try to get into a mutual beneathstanding, instead of politicising the issue. Nishant Sharma Radio Stream Essay -- Cauvery River Dispute - The Cauvery river dispute is one of the longest river dispute today. The dispute began in 1974 when the 50 year old agreement between the Karnataka and Tamil Nadu Collapsed. The Cauvery basin covers majorly 3 states and 1 UT i.e. it originates Talacauve ry in Coorg in Mysore state and thusly flows to Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Puducherry. But the Use and development of Cauvery Waters were regulated by agreements of 1892 and 1924, which were solely between the Mysore and Tamil Nadu. According to the Karnataka government the 1924 agreements states the discontinuation of the water add to Tamil Nadu after 50 year. In 1990, SC directs centre to constitute Cauvery Water dispute tribunal (CWDT). The tribunal heard both the parties and reached a refinement that Karnataka should release 205TMC of water to Tamil Nadu, every month. Karnataka denied the ruling and argued that it is impossible to implement the decision as in failed monsoons many areas of Karnataka are left without water. In that suit they have to transfer water at the cost of their own people. In August 1998 the Centre constituted the Cauvery River Authority to ensure the implementation of the CWDT. The Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal (CWDT) announced its final verdict on 5 February 2007, after 16 years. The Tribunal made the two agreements of 1892 and 1924 functional. According to the verdict, Tamil Nadu was supposed to get 419 billion ft of Cauvery water while Karnataka was supposed to get 270 billion ft. But the Karnataka still didnt release the water as per the tribunal ruling. On 19 September 2012, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, and also the Chairman of the Cauvery River Authority, ordered Karnataka government to release around 9,000 cus... ...sing rapidly. Karnataka depends heavily on Cauvery to fulfil its drinking needs where as Tamil Nadu depends on Cauvery for irrigation. Wide scale Rice cultivation in Tamil Nadu is one of the reasons that Cauvery needs so much water. The question is why the food security of Tamil Nadu depends heavily on rice, as TN doesnt have the resources to grow rice in such quantities. According to R K Sivanappan, former head of the Water Technology Centre of the Coimbatore Agricultural University, Tamil Nadu could mee t all its municipal water requirements by reducing the area under paddy cultivation by just 2 per cent from the present level of 2.7 million ha.Bothe states should start looking for other methods to solve their water woes or should try to get into a mutual understanding, instead of politicising the issue. Nishant Sharma Radio Stream

Separation Or Assimilation? :: essays research papers

breakup or Assimilation?     Our country, The United States of America, was essentially founded onthe principles of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness through solidarityof human kind. In Bernard R. Boxills article, "Separation or Assimilation," hefundamentally poses the Hamletesque question to assimilate or not to assimilate.Subsequent to the dilemma of some black cultural nationalists, whom not only designate for assimilation of the black American populace, but also believe thatthis assimilation into white culture is inevitable, against cultural pluralism.Cultural pluralism, which was initialized by W. E.B. Dubois in the late nineteenthcentury, is founded upon the peculiarities of races, living harmoniously in onenation-state, and lacking superiority or inferiority. Consequently to posingthis question one dictates that there exist certain boundaries among culturesin our American society. Where do these boundaries come from and are theyindeed ne cessary? Is integration of these cultures indeed inevitable?     The goal of cultural pluralism as stated by Boxill are to establishpride in ones own race, to maintain the authenticity of ones own culture, andfinally to benefit the world populace. Through pride, the disdain ofinferiorities along with self-importance respect, one adopts an attitude of self-segregation. Boxill argues for pride as a means of preserving ones race,overemphasizing differences between individuals because of the color of theirskin or cultural differences, is a great defense to assimilation.      ground Duboiss concept of cultural authenticity is to delve intothe mysteries of self-actualization, that is to realize ones own potential. Heasks himself, as an African American, whether his true identity lies in thejungles of Africa or in this commonwealth of America. He is of the opinion that theseare his only two options. He concludes that his true identity goes beyond his American birth, citizenship, political ideals, language, laws, and religiondeep into the heart of Africa where a timeless culture was born and should bepreserved for its beauty and used to benefit the world populace. "...the Negropeople, as a race, have a contribution to make..."(Dubois,p244) The "Negropeople" as a race, have certainly had a peculiar world condition throughout timeand have had the ability to make for privileged insights into the human condition.     The whole of human consists of many parts. From the culturalpluralist perspective, this whole can be benefitted most by the contribution ofgifts from each race of humanity. barely does not true diversity exist inindividual persons rather than in large groups of unique individuals. It wouldseem obvious that the greatest degree of solidarity of humanity can be achieved

Separation Or Assimilation? :: essays research papers

Separation or Assimilation?     Our country, The United States of America, was essentially founded onthe principles of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness through solidarityof gentle kind. In Bernard R. Boxills article, "Separation or Assimilation," hefundamentally poses the Hamletesque question to assimilate or not to assimilate.Subsequent to the dilemma of some black cultural nationalists, whom not onlyargue for assimilation of the black American populace, but also believe thatthis assimilation into white culture is inevitable, against cultural pluralism.Cultural pluralism, which was initialized by W. E.B. Dubois in the late 19thcentury, is founded upon the peculiarities of races, living harmoniously in onenation-state, and lacking superiority or inferiority. Consequently to posingthis question one dictates that there live certain boundaries between culturesin our American society. Where do these boundaries come from and are theyindeed necessa ry? Is integration of these cultures indeed inevitable?     The goal of cultural pluralism as stated by Boxill are to establishpride in ones own race, to maintain the authenticity of ones own culture, andfinally to benefit the world populace. Through pride, the decline ofinferiorities along with self respect, one adopts an attitude of self-segregation. Boxill argues for pride as a means of preserving ones race,overemphasizing differences between individuals because of the color of theirskin or cultural differences, is a corking defense to assimilation.     Understanding Duboiss concept of cultural authenticity is to delve intothe mysteries of self-actualization, that is to realize ones own potential. Heasks himself, as an African American, whether his true identity lies in thejungles of Africa or in this land of America. He is of the opinion that theseare his only two options. He concludes that his true identity goes beyond hisAmerican birth , citizenship, political ideals, language, laws, and religion duncish into the heart of Africa where a timeless culture was born and should bepreserved for its beauty and used to benefit the world populace. "...the Negropeople, as a race, corroborate a contribution to make..."(Dubois,p244) The "Negropeople" as a race, commit certainly had a peculiar world condition throughout timeand have had the ability to lend privileged insights into the human condition.     The whole of humanity consists of many parts. From the culturalpluralist perspective, this whole can be benefitted most by the contribution ofgifts from each race of humanity. But does not true diversity exist inindividual persons rather than in large groups of unique individuals. It wouldseem obvious that the sterling(prenominal) degree of solidarity of humanity can be achieved

Hindi matter on fashion Essay

Agriculture is the backbone of Pakistans economy. Pakistan today is among one of the servicemans fastest growing population, now estimated as over 170 million. Due to lack of large river regulation capability through sizeable storages, the democracy is already facing serious shortages in food grains. Given the present trend, Pakistan could soon become one of the food deficit countries in the near future. Therefore, in that respect is a dire need to build storages for augmenting agriculture production. reservoirs have already lost about 5,000,000 acre feet (6.2109 m3) due to sedimentation. Electricity neededEmployementIndia wants its supremacy in the land therefore, it is not resolving the peeing and Kashmir disputes. Politics has strong links to trade as political disputes led to blocking of tradeIndia should display seriousness to often resolve Kashmir and water disputes for trade and economic cooperation between Pakistan and India. Pakistani traders and industrialists want tr ade ties with India despite some reservations. There are chances of war on the water issue. Improvement in bilateral ties could benefit both the countries, but friendship should not be made at the cost of Kashmir and water.Climate affects the IWT or Indias building of reservoirsIt gives India rights to the natural flow of water of the Indus three eastern tributaries the Ravi, Sutlej and Beas while Pakistan controls the main Indus channel itself and two western rivers, the Jhelum and Chenab. Pakistan has increasingly raised concerns about entropy sharing and transparency, particularly because the upper reaches of all of the rivers lie in Indian-controlled territory, giving that nation greater scope for control of the entire Indus river system.harvesting summer waterway water into 3,000 litre gravity-fed storage tanks.Up to 30 percent of water is lost from the countrys unlined irrigation canals, experts said.

How far was Henrys foreign policy merely defensive in the years between 1487 and 1509?

heat content worked hard to establish, consolidate and recover many unlike traffic within his reign. This was mostly defending due to pretenders threatening atomic number 1s throne which meant a lot of hydrogens outside(prenominal) relations were defensive. However, Henry did excessively establish policies to help other factors during his reign. One way in which Henry did establish relations out of defence was to rid of short term pretenders and threats to his throne. An example of this would be the Treaty of Etaples which was made in 1492 with France.This treaty outlined neither country would support imposters which resulted in France having to stop supporting and take a crap up Perkin Warbeck who was at the time pretending to be Richard, Duke of York. The treaty was a defensive manoeuvre to ensure the pretender was stopped to reduce the threat to Henrys throne and this helped Henry a lot as France did not particularly like Henry at the time so the Treaty meant they would no longer support Warbeck which helped Henry protect his security well. However, some of Henrys actions could have been seen as an flaming rather than defence.The treaty of Etaples also meant Henry demanded money resulting in France had to pay an annual pension of 50,000 crowns (?5,000). The money was given due to Henry reasserting an ancient claim to French lands and besieging Boulogne which was quite imperative and was this part of the treaty was more of an attack towards France. This is why it is debatable whether Henry was more defensive or attacking in distant policy as the Treaty of Etaples did both as it forced France to give up pretenders, protecting Henry, but also demanding money, an attack of France.However, it is clear that indeed, henry did use the treaty to attack France but overall used it as a defence. Another reason Henry instated foreign policy completely as a defence was to punch his dynasty through marriages and treaties and make peace for his and others futu re rule. The Treaty of Ayton, made in 1497, established Anglo-Scottish harmony which matured into a formal peace Treaty in 1502 and the long term strength was symbolised with the marriage of Princess Margaret, Henrys daughter, and James IV in 1503.This was entirely to put a stop to the on-going conflict on the Scottish border and ensure a lasting truce and alliance with Scotland for his dynasty and future security. Yet on the other hand, Henry also established foreign policies and agreements to help purify Englands trade. Due to Margaret of Burgundy showing continuous support for Warbeck, Henry issued an embargo on English trade with Burgundy that lasted until 1496.Henry then later dealt with this with the Intercursus Magnus also known as the Great Settlement in 1846 as both Henry and Philip had suffered from the commercial restrictions and needed each others trade again. This cannot be seen as defensive as relations did not improve massively as Philip continued to harbour Yorkists meaning this agreement was purely made to improve trade and English profits and did not benefit Henry in securing his throne nor dynasty. This clearly means Henrys foreign policy was not entirely defensive but was placed to improve trade as well.In conclusion, Henry worked hard to establish foreign policies for different reasons. It is clear that Henrys main anteriority was as defence but also that it was not the total reason and foreign policy was not used completely for defence as Henry did make some agreements to assist trade and as a form of attack on countries to instate and show power. However, it is fair to say Henrys foreign policy was defensive to help secure his throne but mostly to provide and protect his dynasty.

Scientific Evidence Which Lead to the Fluid Mosaic Model

The scientific consequence which lead to the fluid mosaic good example 19th Century The earlier fashion models were very simple, as they suggested that lipid soluble substances entered cells faster than piddle soluble substances scientists in those days had also figured out that the layers of lipid were layers of fat. However, the downfall of the evidence provided was that scientists back in the day were not able to provide information, as to how a lipid layer could remain stable in contact with the water surrounding the cell in its environment, since lipids are repelled by water. 0th century Due to chemical analysis of isolated membranes, it was discovered that the membrane is largely made up of phospholipids and cholesterol. Digging deeper, it was revealed that phospholipids were amphiphilic one head, which was soluble in water, and two tails, which would face inwards towards each other. This added to the bilayer remaining stable. 1934 A radical model was proposed by Davson-Da nielli, since the new model suggested both sides of the bilayer to be coated with water-soluble proteins.Therefore, through extensive chemical analysis, it was revealed that there was a lot of protein in the membranes. Even though membranes were thought to be more permeable to lipids than water, the membrane was able to absorb water faster than a pure phospholipid layer. 1970 Davson-Daniellis model and theory was still accepted, since micrographs showed that membranes had a three-layered-structure.Before the fluid-mosaic model Due to advances in chemistry and biology, Davson-Danielli didnt seem to explain coherently how such fluidity could occur without tearing or breaking bonds. Due to new chemical methods, it was stated that the proteins of membranes were highly variable in both quantity and type. Sixty five years later The fluid mosaic model was invented, which draw the agreement of many scientists view on the cell membrane.

Bollywood Film Essay

The development of technology has caused various changes in the different aspects of the society. One of the most observable modifications is in terms of the source of entertainment for most people. Nowadays, majority of the people are interested in watching movies. They tend to get the satisfaction out of looking at actors and actresses play various roles. Motion pictures alike portray different themes that could be focused on romance, actions, horror, science fiction, and others. The clamor for movies overly paved the way for the success and popularity of numerous thespians such as those in Bollywood.Bollywood usually make movies that feature the concept of Scopophilia, which literally factor the love of watching. This term is also synonymous with voyeurism that pertains to the experience of sexual gratification by means of observing other people in secret. Most of the time, the object of such kind of desire is someone who is undressed or engaged in a sexual activity. The main estimation in the concept of scopophilia is that the one who is looking or peeping does not interact with the person being observed.In the same elbow room that movie-viewing also adheres to such practice because the audience watches the activities of the people on the screen, who are unaware that they are being observed. Most of the time, filmmakers would use erotic scenes in mold to satisfy the sense of scopophilia within a person. However, they could get around it by featuring a chaste woman in the mend of the story. In this sense, the filmmakers are truly creating a balance between a woman who easily engages in sexual activity and another female who represents the conservative value of being chaste.This is greatly observable in Shri 420, wherein it shows two women that were linked with the main character Raj, Vidya the virtuous woman and Maya the sultry temptress. The film shows erotic scenes especially those involving Maya. Nevertheless, they were able to get away(p) with it because of the argument that these scenes are important in order to show the difference of Maya from Vidya. As such, erotic scenes were perceived to have an important purpose in the plot of the story to be able to distinguish the kinds of women that exist.This also symbolizes the difference of the good and the bad that is shown in the movie, wherein Raj was with Vidya when he was still living a morally upright life but later on tempted by Maya when he was already engaged in illegal activities. The discussions above show that scopophilia is actually the main idea behind the very nature of movie-watching. Filmmakers usually use erotic scenes in order to satisfy this kind of desire within a person. Nevertheless, erotic scenes also have an important part in the movie as it tends to distinguish the upright life from the unethical one by using women as examples.

The War of Americans

Over the course of the last half-century the U. S. has enjoyed unprecedented power in all aspect whether it be politically, economically, militarily, or by any different means. In its dominance of world politics since WWII, the U. S. has been qualified to cast its influence around the globe. However, the U. S. experienced a gradual decline in its sovereignty over the course of this era as well. A prime example was in 1973 when OPEC raised inunct prices drastically over the course of the next two years.OPECs ability to increase at pull up stakes the world price of its precious product highlighted the industrial worlds dependence on foreign sources of energy. (Keylor, p. 346) Being a sovereign res publica requires not being subject to external forces, being able to conduct an independent foreign policy, and being able to control events within your own borders. Today, U. S. sovereignty continues to decline for a number of reasons. The only question is whether it is thinking(a) o r harmful for the U. S. to do so. The first reason why U. S. sovereignty is declining is due to what is known as interdependence. This phenomenon developed after WWII with the creation of the UN, GATT, the IMF and other such(prenominal) intergovernmental organizations.All of these served to create linkages between the major nations of the world in the postwar era. Membership in such organizations makes the U. S. subject to international law. Rosecrances identification of the vocation state signifies the shift away from geopolitical influence and towards a global economy. Both the roles of international trade and foreign investment have increasingly flummox a greater element of U. S. economic importance. Additionally, the tying together of economies from around the world has lead to an increase in economic warfare.The increased use of economic sanctions and other such measures can be contributed to their perceived effectiveness in obtaining foreign policy goals. The U. S. integrat ion into the world economy leaves it susceptible to the economic decisions of its profession partners and providers of raw materials. Reliance on import and export goods is an essential part of the U. S. economy. This can be seen in every day life. Just think well-nigh how much gas prices have increased recently as the result of a few nations restricting their oil supplies in order to raise prices. age the countries responsible for this could all be readily defeated by the U. S. in war, the U. S. is powerless(prenominal) to combat their practices. Aside from its place in the world market, the proliferation of weapons of mass ravaging also serves to limit the sovereignty of the U. S. First off, new nuclear powers, which would likely include a number of aggressive authoritarian states, will lack the resources to answer the elaborate command and control capabilities required.Even if hostile countries well-nighhow catch up in an arms race, their military organizations and cultures a re unlikely to catch up in the competence race for management, technology assimilation, and combat command skills. (Betts, p. 29) In addition to proliferation of nuclear weapons, there is also wide concern among U. S. leaders approximately the spread and development of biological weapons. The rise of religious nationalism and anti-U. S. sentiments in nations such as Iraq give cause for concern to the U. S. that an attack using biological weapons is possible. One simple fact should worry Americans more about biological than about nuclear or chemical arms unlike either of the other two, biological weapons combine maximum destructiveness and easy availability. (Betts, p. 32)Even more threatening to U. S. sovereignty is the treat of terrorist attack to our nations soil. The proliferation of the aforementi wizardd weapons is worrisome to U. S. officials that a horrendous nuclear of biological terrorist attack is feasible. The possibility of such and attack places a serious hindrance on the U. S. ability to protect its citizens within its borders. Conspirators of such an attack could be based within the U. S. or abroad, which makes it increasingly difficult to guard against. Additionally, it is impossible to deter such a course of action.When a nation is attacked, the government behind the attack is readily identified and a counterattack can be undertaken. However, when it is unknown as to who is behind the attack, it makes it impossible to deter it from occurring since retaliation requires knowledge of who has launched an attack and the address at which they reside. (Betts, p. 34) Such concerns have increased since the end of the Cold War as there is widespread doubt skirt the degree of control Russia used in disposing of their nuclear weapons.The information revolution also poses a serious threat to U. S. overeignty. The increasing opportunities for interaction through expert advances in communications and transportation make information more readily accessib le. The strong reliance on the behalf of the U. S. on information infrastructure makes it vulnerable to attack. (Wriston, p. 179) The smallest nation, terrorist group, or drug cartel could hire a computer programmer to plant a Trojan horse virus in software, take down a vital network, or cause a missile to misfire The United States increasing reliance on massive networks may make it more, not less vulnerable. (Wriston, p. 80)As with the problem of an armed terrorist attack, it is extremely difficult to determine who is responsible for a break-in of a private, supposedly secure, U. S. government web page. Fortunately, we have not yet witnessed any such form of information warfare however, imagining the form it might take and protecting against it has become the preoccupation of a presidential heraldic bearing and numerous task forces. (Wriston, p. 179) Despite the erosion of U. S. sovereignty, it is still by far the most powerful nation in the world today.I for one would pleasing the erosion of U. S. overeignty since it furthers interdependence in world politics and serves to perpetuate world peace. The greater the economies of the world are intertwined, the less likely it is that a nation will go to war with another that it is linked to by a web of transnational relationships. It may also be in the best interests of the U. S. to lose some of its sovereignty since the world is moving towards civilizational entities (Western, African, Islamic, etc. ) as identified by Samuel Huntington. (Huntington) If he is correct in his prediction, then the U. S. is better off belonging to one of these civilizations rather than standing alone.

Globalization Questionnaire Essay

Globalization is a shift toward a more interdependent and integrated world miserliness (Hill, 2009). The globalization of markets and the globalization of production ar several factors of globalization. Advances in transportation and telecommunications make it possible for businesses to reach other countries. National economies argon merging and bodily culture looks the same no matter where an individual is in the world. Mercantilism, absolute advantage, comparative advantage, new trade theory, Heckscher-Ohlin, product life-cycle, and national competitive advantage are all international trade theories.Drivers of Globalization One device driver of globalization is the declining trade and investment barriers. Many decades ago, strict barriers to international trade and direct overseas investment existed (Hill, 2009). The World Trade Organization (WTO) was established to help countries work together in an effort to cut tariffs on industrial services, goods, and agriculture. The othe r driver of globalization is technological change. Advances in information processing, transportation, and the Internet have evolved since World War II (Hill, 2009). The microprocessor is the single most important innovation in technology.Microprocessors encode, transmit, and decode information. The rapid expansion of the Internet has become the information backbone of the global economy (2009). The Internet makes it easy for buyers and sellers to conduct business without having to leave their home or office. Transportation technology has advanced with the development of containerization, superfreighters, and commercial jets. Commercial jets have reduced the time it takes to get from one place to another and containerization has lowered the terms of shipping goods around the world.* Effects of Globalization on CommunityThe values and norms of an individuals culture are influenced by social structure, language, religion, and education. Class-conscious societies are characterized by low social mobility and a high grad of stratification while less class-conscious societies are characterized by a low degree of stratification and high social mobility. Language has spoken and unspoken dimensions and countries with more than one language have more than one culture. Formal education is a way individuals are socialized into the values and norms of a society through learned skills. Religion is a system of shared beliefs and rituals.

Explore the Role of Joe Keller in the Play All My Sons

At the beginning of the play we see just from the description of Joe Keller in the stage directions as he described as a rail line man with the imprint of the machine shop worker and boss still upon him from this we learn that even though Keller is a man from nowhere he has achieved so much, and even though he is now the business man he still seems like the sm each(prenominal) man who started like any other soul would.From the stage directions we too learn that Keller is a complex instance who is still wondering through life there is still wonder in many a(prenominal) commonly known things The idea of a man of low origins is reaffirmed in the stage directions again a peasant-like common sense this helps to strengthen the idea that Keller is the clean soulfulness (average Joe) and that he could be just like any one of us. At the end of the stage directions we are told that Keller is a man among workforce this shows that Keller is the man of the house and the community.We also see the strength of his character as when he describes his account after getting out of pri watchword Picture it now none of them believed I was costless So I get out my of my car, and I walk down the street. But very slow. And with a smile. The Beast I was the Beast this shows Keller as a strong character who is defiant even in the face of adversity, this also shows how Keller can manipulate things to his advantage, it also helps to establish Keller as the anti- wizard.We see Miller establishing Keller as the tragic hero as Keller is the described as the average person, a very decent, hard-working man that everyone seems to get on with, but as with every tragic-hero he has a flaw which will eventually lead to his downfall, so far we see the possible flaw as something to do with the disappearance of his son Larry .. Larry was report missing on November twenty-fifth, right? , this seems to be a something that has stuck with the family for a while but has recently come back to haun t them, with their other son Chris wanting to marry what used to be Larrys girlfriend.The role of Keller in dramatic genre tragedy is the anti-hero as hes not the normal idea of a hero, as hes your average normal person and had to work hard to achieve what he has, he is also the tragic hero. Keller is also the protagonist as he is the main character and also the (tragic and anti) hero of the play. The functions of Keller so far is the patriarch as he is the head of the family and the head of his own business. We also see Kellers role in the plot, to playact it from the past to the present as an event from Kellers past will be brought back up to haunt him and therefore cause his downfall.There is also Kellers race with his son Chris, we see that there is underlying tension as Chris once worked in the army and and developed a sense of guilt for all the men that died even though he didnt and then there is the particular that Keller created parts for aeroplanes flown by soldiers and that some were faulty apparently due to the mistake of his ex-partner But even originally this we see that Chris doesnt soak up the same beliefs and ideals as his father(the business), when Keller worked hard and did all that for Chris so that Chris could lead a good life without worry, but Chris doesnt believe that the business is all that matters as he (after being in the army) believes that there are more important things after what he went through.We also see tension through the fact that Chris wants to marry Ann (Larrys girl) and that this would be wrong in anyones eyes (especially their mothers) as they believe Larry to still be alive and for them accepting that he isnt is like accepting that Keller killed Larry (Larry was a pilot in the army) so thats were the conflicts lie. We also see Chriss need to believe in his fathers innocence (with admiration) Joe Mcguts this shows Chriss admiration for his father and how he sees him as a hero and that if anything challenged that i t would wreck everything he knows.We see that Keller is respected by others as even though after what happened with the plane parts and people still believed him to be unrighteous even though he was let off, but eventually after time he built back up the respect he had missed Fourteen months later I had one of the best shops in the state again, a respected man again bigger than ever. Kellers relationship with his wife seems to get hold of tension as the stage directors indicate Mother(pained) How could they move back? this seems to show a conflict in their opinions and ideas we also know that Kate cannot accept the death of her son as it would mean that Keller killed Larry and that would be unforgivable, so again we see conflict as if Larry were dead she wouldnt be able to take the pain of knowing what Keller could have done.

Paraphrasing the Decleration Questions

3. 5 The promulgation of freedom Paraphrasing Main Ideas You will find it easier to understand the main ideas in The Declaration of Independence if you differentiate the language that Jefferson used to state them and then paraphrase these items in your own words. As you read severally section of the document complete the chart by writing the words that Jefferson used to state apiece main idea. The first one is done for you. Top of Form Main Ideas in the Declaration of Independence Directions Type the number and then type Thomas Jeffersons Words (make sure they atomic number 18 quotations). track it 3. 5 Jefferson. 1. Section of Speech The Preamble (Lines 1 8)? Main Ideas 1. Sometimes it is necessary for people to lose their? political ties. 2. The colonists should state their reasons for separating. ? Thomas Jeffersons Words it becomes necessary for one people to? dissolve the political bands which clear connected them with another. 2. Section of Speech A Declaration of R ights (Lines 9 37)? Main Ideas 1. All people have basic, God-given rights.? 2.Whenever a government denies people their basic rights, it is their? duty to overthrow it. ? Thomas Jeffersons Words That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to variegate or to abolish it 3. Section of Speech A List of Complaints (Lines 38 120)? Main Ideas The King of England has refused to jib to laws to help? the people.?Thomas Jeffersons WordsHe has refused to pass other Laws for the accommodation of large districts of people, unless those people would disembarrass the right of Representation in the Legislature, a right inestimable to them and formidable to tyrants only. 4. Section of Speech A Statement of Independence (Lines 121 158)? Main Ideas The King no longer deserves to rule us. ? Thomas Jeffersons Wor dsA Prince whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a Tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people. Bottom

Nursing Fundamentals-Professionalism and Discipline

FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF NURSING associate TO PROFESSIONALISM AND DISCIPLINEIn this report I volition provide information regarding the definition of cope for, c be for as a crystallise, keep back as a profession and nurse roles and pictures. In addition, I will provide the fundamentals of nurse related to feel for and discourse, along with treat as an dodge and cognizance. I believe nurse is a very important c areer needed much around the world, and only plastered types of people fuck be nurses.These individuals should keep in line a good heart and a good brain to further their triumph in breast feeding they should be capable of caring, have strong communication skills, and have the knowledge capabilities to secure difficult tasks. I will be addressing these topics in my paper. Definition of nursing Nursing is the collaborative get by of individuals of all ages, families, groups and communities, sick or well in all settings. Nursing is the use of clinical sentiment and the provision of care to enable people to promote, improve, maintain, or recover health or, when death is inevitable to overhaul peacefully (Newham, R., 2012).Nurses are capable of more than tasks than what most people imagine. Nursing is a mix of communication and caring, and the culmination of art and science. Therapeutic communication is extremely important in a nurse-client relationship. Communication allows an organisation of helping and healing relationships deep down the individual, family or community client(s). At the core of nursing care, are remedy inter soulal relationships based on caring, mutual respect, and dignity. (Burger & Goddard, 2010, p.246).By ensuring these relationships with clients, responsibilities are to be put forth ethical responsibilities, level-headed responsibilities, and professional standards are met. When good communication is established, clients become empowered, which allows them to become capable of their decision making (2010). vocal and non-verbal communication is very important to sustain. Often, difficulties arise from misinterpretation based on the clients perception. The nurse essential contain the knowledge of these skills to minimize the unwanted confusion within the communicating process.Caring is a reflection of what matters to a person and has a wide range of involvements. Having personal concern for others motivates people to care. Caring fares and expert knowledge that are at the heart of competent nursing practice must be valued and embraced (Perry & Sams, 2010, p. 266). The act of caring is the process and decisions to help people in proper smarts that include empathy, compassion, and support. All nurses should have this aspect within their nursing career. Without care from the nurse, the clients holistic, spiritual, emotional and physical well-being can be comprised. sort of of focusing on the clients disease and its treatment by conventional means, transpersonal caring explores inner sources of healing to protect, enhance, and preserve a persons dignity, humanity, solelyness, and inner harmony (Perry & Sams, 2010, p. 267). Nursing as a science is the application of knowledge through with(predicate) theoretical frame ready (Watson, J. , & Smith, M. , 2002). The technical aspect of nursing is more than ordinary applied science. Nurses have to be critical thinkers and to know how to solve problems in the most optimum way possible.Watson states, the science of nursing is to provide reliable and valid approaches, techniques, and theory that will enable nurses to practice in effect while solving problems (p. 73) According to Watson, the last two decades has experienced an explosion of nursing knowledge that will improve the health, promote and optimize health, prevent illness and injury, and alleviate suffering as much as physically possible. As a profession, nurses have been educating uncomplainings, conducting research, and advocating for care. (Watson, J. , & Smith, M., 2002).However, the artful acts in nursing are those activities that science can non explain. The art in nursing is the individual practice of the nurse tolerant interaction. Attempts are made to reincorporate art and science in ways that are morally, socially, aesthetically, and ecologically grounded by being accountable to a larger whole (Blondeau, D, 2002). New relationships are being established betwixt arts and healing. The act of the nurse treating each enduring interaction as a sacred and artful act can be just as beautiful and healing.The mere presence of the nurse can be more healing than all technology available today. In order for these elements to be put in place, society can expect these activities from the nursing discipline. Nursing as a Discipline Nursing is presented as a unique, independent, and a disciplined profession. A discipline is associated with following a standard way of doing things. There are many areas in which organizations are attem pting to take disciplines and create a profession from it (Hayne, Y. ,1992). The goal of the discipline is to expand knowledge and human experiences through creative perception and research.This knowledge is the scientific guide to living the art of nursing (1992). Interaction between a nurse and a patient at a specific time and place is a very important discipline. Orlando (2010) states, that nursing discipline must be put in a certain order to enable the best outcome for a positive relationship between the nurses and clients (George, J. B. , 2011, p. 164). First, an arrangement of exchanges involving the nurses reaction to the patient behavior takes place until the patients need for help, as he or she perceives it, is clarified.Secondly, the nurse and the client in cooperation, decide to resolve the need in an appropriate manner. Lastly, an rating of this action is carried out after it is complete. Succession of the action is shown if the patients behaviour improves, the desired outcomes were achieved and the process is completed. The process recycles if in that respect is no change or the behaviour of the patient gets worse. (2011) Using the appropriate nursing action and clarifying the patients behaviour is needed for progress.When nurses use this process to communicate their reactions in caring for patients, Orlando calls it the nursing process discipline. She applies the process discipline to contacts between a nurse and a leader and those she supervises and directs (2011). To enable the discipline of nursing to grow, nursing needs leaders who can articulate the place of nursing within new society. The role of leaders also have to clarify the nursing discipline for the purposes of better understanding the disposition of life and the nature of living, to contribute to societies health care.By doing so, nursing can ensure its positive contribution to health care and provide society a better understanding of health. Nursing as a trading Nursing shoul d always be spoken of and looked upon as a profession, not as an occupation. When the work of nursing was first organized by Florence nightingale, it was proper to think of it as an occupation, but then the art of nursing the ill has been growing and thriving since ( Ross-Kerr, 2010, p. 32-34). Elliot Fredison another important role model regarding the health care system, was a leading researcher in the sociology of medicine and other professions.According to Freidson, the ideal professional is characterized by five elements specialise work, exclusive control, required qualified credentials, formal training, and a commitment to doing good work before scotch gain (Paulsen, 2011). Another important aspect that Freidson addressed, regarding the topic of professionalism, was the physician-patient care. Only members of the health professions can be trusted, because of their competence, because of their mogul to cure sometimes, treat often, and care always (2011).Caring requires the co ncentration of caregivers so that they become aware of the patients needs. Paulsen (2011) inquires that a moral quality of caring is derived from being able to perceive needs with as slim alteration as possible. He also states that caring about differs from caring for. The aspect that is clarified by the awareness of something becoming a need is the caring about fragment and having full responsibility for integritys patient, qualifies the caring for feature.This leads into the competency of caring, and how important it is on a professional spectrum. Incompetent care is not only a technical problem, but a moral one. (Hafferty, F. et. al, 2003) This states that within the ethics of caring, one must balance a sustainable role within the clinical setting and contain the knowledge retaining the patients rights (2003). Such rights would classify under confidentiality, informed consent, acceptance or refusal of treatment and privacy (CNA, 2008).Fundamental to Fredisons definition of pr ofessionalism is the claim that the physician must retain independence of judgment and action, if only to decide when and what kinds of care are inappropriate (Hafferty, F. et. al, 2003). Following Freidsons view on what a professional is, would include the nursing profession. Nursing is a dedicated profession with required skills that are accumulated through formal procreation and care.Nursing Roles and Settings If one cannot identify their uniqueness within nursing, a negative impact could be put in place, such as the lack of a clearly identifiable function,which leads to inadequate care and insufficient care to the patients reactions to his immediate experiences. Then, nurses will identify their role as a concern regarding the right provided direct assistance to individuals in any setting they are found, to the purpose of avoiding, relieving, diminishing or band the individuals sense of helplessness. It is the nurses direct responsibility to see to it that the patients needs for help are met either by her own activity or by trading in the help of others. (Lowe, G. , et. al. , 2012).The importance of nursing uniqueness acts as a function to allow nurses to work in any setting where persons experience a need for help they cannot resolve themselves. Therefore, nurses may practice with well or ill persons in an independent practice or in an institutional setting (2012). Support, promotion of a safe environment, research, participation in shaping health policy and in patient and health systems management, and education are also key nursing roles.By being influenced by economic, social, and cultural factors, nursing has responded by continuing to meet the needs of health care. The founder of modern nursing is considered to be Florence Nightingale (Ross-Kerr, 2010). Nightingale, along with her staff of nurses dramatically reduced morbidity rates through their care and the importance of comfort for clients. She applied the principles of cleanliness and comfort t o nursing care which is today known as one of the fundament principles of nursing.ConclusionThis paper explained the idea of what nursing is. The fundament concepts of nursing are to provide the most competent care achievable through proper caring and communication, discipline and profession and the knowledge of roles and settings. I have also inquired nursing as an art and science, to better understand the fundaments of nursing. I learned from doing research that the main aspect of nursing is to care. The other points are very valid and important, but to be a truthfully caring nurse, is what a patient really needs to gain the most optimum health.

Different Aspect of Chinese Culture and Their Impact on Marketing Essay

Chinese finishing is unmatchable of the richest and oldest subtletys. What conciliates Chinese agriculture unique and catchy is the fact that the Chinese all over the manhood observe their culture with huge amount of enthusiasm and commitment. Four Major aspects of the Chinese Culture that we get postulate of analyzed in this paper atomic number 18 * Collectivism * Degree of uncertainness avoidance * Masculinity, and * spot place Collectivism mainland China as a society is to a greater extent toward communism then individualism.Historically chinawareware has coherent been a family-run country, major portion of the society belongs to agriculture and live in rural areas of a country. Farm and family are the two basic institutions in china which are collectivistic in nature. From puerility they trained and learned to wreak together and intrust in we non in I. So from childhood they are integ treadd into strong cohesive in-groups. In China it is really hard to tak e issue with roughone opinion in universe.A direct argument is always avoided. Harmony and oyalty in each institution (in the form of society, family and still in country) is always important. You do not say in public free Tibet. They are highly context society. Instead of saying No, expressions or phrases are utilise for disagreement. We have check outn many ex adenineles of their collectivist thinking in business e. g. in case of Lenovo where Chinese and Ameri green goddesss started to work together as business partner. Chinese believe on teams performance as the criteria for companys success where as American believes on individual performance.So for any company coming to lead china this aspect is matter of concern for them. They believe that relationship between employee & employer and in between businesses partners are deeply rooted in trust. Family has huge influence in consumer stopping point making procedure. Family is led be by father/husband who has absolute pow er and be in charge of family. They are more sincere towards their families than toward non-family organization. In contrary Japanese who are also collectivist in nature have no difficulty in changing their loyalty from their family to institution?The joint culture is deeply rooted in society and a tight political control erstwhile(prenominal) put multinational companies in great trouble. As we saw in Avon China, company is highly victorious in their direct marketing of their cosmetic product throughout the world and even they are victorious in china also but government ban their direct sales opeproportionn in china callable to which they have to remove their all sale force strategy. Today most(prenominal) of the passenger vehicle/leader in china believes that collectivism will soon end in China.Now they believe that stack is started to move toward individualism because of globalization. And other huge reason for this is their one child policy in particular in their citie s. This restriction left society with many young citizens who have been raised to believe that they hold a special place in the world. So they think that this sort of upbringing lower the collectivism in the society. Similarly this one child policy put young one in special(a) pressure as they have to take care of their family (spouse and child), parents and some time grandparent also.In summary china still is highly collectivist society where they want to put harmony in in-group and work for the participation of their group and not necessarily for themselves. Employee is more committed towards his/her family than to their organization. People belong to in-group in exchange of their loyalty. doubt Avoidance Level of a culture or society deals on a reality that the forthcoming is uncertain should great deal try to control the future or just let it happen? This equivocalness brings with it anxiety and diametric cultures have learnt to deal with this anxiety in different ways.Some studies on the culture of china argue that china has strong uncertainty avoidance but majority of the studies argue that the Chinese culture has a very weaker uncertainty avoidance which avoids too many rules and formalities. Chinese culture is more towards stimulating innovations and emphasizing new ideas. It is flexible and more acting than reacting on changes occurring inside and outside of business. objet dart cultures with very high uncertainty avoidance demonstrate their emotions in such a way that everything which is different becomes dangerous for them.They often resist in changes and worry about their future. In china obedience to laws and rules whitethorn be flexible to suit the actual situation and simplicity is a fact of life. The Chinese pot feel comfor flurry with ambiguity, even Chinese language is full of ambiguous meanings that can be difficult to follow or learn for other people. Chinese are good in adaptability and entrepreneurship. The majority of Chinese bus inesses which constitutes to around 70% -80% of their total businesses use to be small and medium size and most of which are family owned.Martinsons (1997) and Lametal(2005) studies on East Asians shows that for Chinese people unclear information give them more comfort direct than any other nation. The example of which their studies demonstrate that informal communication path between Chinese who swan more on personal experience rather than the clear or detailed information. They are more of introvert people who keep more information between themselves, rather than explicitly expressing it.It is more parking area in China than any other country that apart from the information that is world discussed on table people who interact with them need to interpret the real meaning of conversation yourself, because Chinese people commonly prefer to use references to explain something they think you should know and they suppose that other people would understand. We are colored towards t he studies that uncertainty avoidance in Chinese culture is weak mainly because for Chinese people wideness of information is for the power, instead of than unable to tolerate the uncertainty.So the idea that Chinese culture is uncertainty genial is supported. Contrary to the traditional thinking of most of the people and authors of various studies that Chinese people are more conservative in regard to change and Chinese culture has a strong uncertainty avoidance, the facts in this section and in most of the article Chinese peoples attitude tend to be more arrogant toward change and towards new applied science when it comes to experience change or new technology or whatsoever which is a clear indication of weaker uncertainty avoidance of Chinese culture.Other Studies such as Collis (1995) and Brownetal(1998) also compared Chinese culture with various countries culture which supposedly have a weaker uncertainty avoidance. According to their study on people and cultures of variou s countries people from China hold more positive attitudes on change and new technologies than those from countries that they compare, namely, UK, US and Japan. MasculinityThe Chinese culture is dominated by manful traits overall, mainly driven by Confucianism in which the focus was not to compromise and women were regarded inferior. Chinese culture was also affected by Daoism which was more feministic in nature but its blow was far little then Confucianism. Following of strict principles as laid down in Confucianism has led the Chinese people to form a masculine society.Observing the priorities of Chinese people one can easily see that they prefer work and income over quality of life, they would leave home for better working opportunities and would sacrifice vacuous for better and more income. advantage is important and the means to achieving it are not actually given very much importance, even if it involves steps that are not beneficial for everyone the main objective is to achieve the end result. Success is defined by who is the winner and not by the path followed towards success.As a nation they rate economic growth as a very high priority and do not encounter factors such as environmental or labor issues as crucial, we can see that most of the spirt products around the world and manufactured in China which is not limited to small products but even stretches to copying automobiles where exact replicas are made without any regard to patents or original design e. g. commodious qq copied form Daewoos matiz for which general motors filed a suit against the Chinese manufacturer.Conflicts in China are not solved by negotiations rather hierarchy and in some cases force is used to suppress the spokesperson of all relate and the will of people at the top is enforced. This leads to lack of ingenuity although increased strength because of very clear understanding of what is required from everyone leads to lowest costs which is the benchmark of Chinese p roduction. Also long working hours are not considered a bad thing and leisure time is sacrificed for work willingly. The masculine qualities do help china to efficiently make products, but hamper the services part in general.There is huge gap with respect to gender in China when it comes to leading, very few women can be seen at management posts and women are not considered equal in all walks of life. Also the ratio of girls to boys has been disturbed severely because of the one child policy and people seeking medical procedures to opt for boys instead of girls. Failing in Chinese culture is not a minor accident but considered a disaster and one is expected to be deeply embarrassed in case of facing some failure in life.Even suicides are committed to save one from the shame of facing others subsequently failure, this approach hinders the generation of new ideas and research since the rate of failure is really high in stressful new things. As a whole, Chinese people are mainly conce rned with the result and being good at achieving them in the most efficient way possible but are not that much concerned about how they do it. Liking what they do is not as important as being the best in it. Power Distance Chinese culture is considered as high on Power Distance.Being a socialistic society, it is expected of them to be relying on those on top to make decisions. If we look at the Chinese history we could find numerous examples of submission to Government Decisions, however hidden or absurd they might look. Strict compliance by the Chinese people on one child policy of the government is one of the examples. From my personal experiences of working at one of the Chinese ventures in Pakistan (Zong), I have witnessed quite a few examples of their obsession towards following the hierarchy.From not contradicting with the seniors even penetrating that they are wrong to adjusting their chair height to ensure that they sit lower than their senior are some of the behavioral in stances that I have observed about their culture. Now, for a business working with the Chinese whether in a blood to product line or a Business to Consumer relationship, one needs to give due respect and concern to the Power Distance they observe and practice in their daily life. Taking Business to Consumer first, buying behavior in the consumer markets is driven by the parents or elders.Marketer in this case again will have to alter his marketing mix to ensure that his product and promotion catches the attention of the people entrusted with the decision making responsibilities. Similar techniques are required of a marketer seeking Business to Business relationship. Again recalling from my personal experiences at Zong, Chinese vendors adopted this technique of keeping the higher management involved in everything.I had witnessed CEOs of Chinese vendors visiting zongs premises even for the lilliputian things like picking up a cheque or dropping an invoice or some letter etc. as the y knew that Zongs Management personnel will never like to chatter to an executive or an officer of the vendor, because of the fact that hierarchies are embedded in their minds. Mistakes were made on the aforesaid(prenominal) grounds by the Pakistani Vendors who could send in their lower staff for such jobs, which used to beat the management and resultantly Pakistani Vendors had very little or no business with Zong. Another threat that naughty Power Distance poses on a Marketer Pitching his product in China is the impact of Government Regulations.There are numerous examples of Corporate Failure of International Chains in China because of the Government Bans. E. g. Direct Selling by AVON was banned in China by the government because of which they had to change their Marketing techniques for China in order to ensure that they still sell in the market. Even a mere recommendation from the Government on adopting or abstaining from a product can have a great impact on your sales. Organ izations in societies who are high on power distance are highly bureaucratic in structure.This is also true for the Chinese organizations as well. This means that the Banking, Finance, Taxation and policy sectors of the Economy are highly bureaucratic thereby implying that the process flow is slow and cumbersome. To sum up, Power Distance is one of the ground realities in China and as a Marketer one could not ignore this fact while pitching his / her products. If you have taken this fact into account and have intercommunicate it properly, you are on the right side of what could be a successful business story.

McKinsey’s 7 S framework Essay

Questions related to analysis of a ships companys position to make its long term goal have always been one of the roughly discussed topics in management. Different scholars have tried to answer the problem in antithetical ways. Some strain on external factors, others on external factors, while others combine both. One of the most important concepts was essential by Robert Waterman and Tom Peters, both of whom worked with McKinsey & Company consulting firm. The models concept states that there ar seven aspects of a company which need to be balanced to achieve the long term objective. The 7 ElementsThe 7 elements of the theory argon structure, systems, staff, skills, strategy, style and shared set. Structure refers to the arrangement of financial and human resources teams indoors different teams and groups of business. The systems element is stands for the technical platforms as well as business platforms used to support the expose approaches which are used by the company in order to achieve its objectives. Skills are the ability of the different activities to excel in their respective functions and activities. Strategy is the description of the different ways for a company to achieve its objectives and goals. Staff stands for the type of employees it has, salaries which they draw and how they (i.e. employees) are retained. Style means work culture of a company, in the area of leadership and communication between staff as well as shareholders. Shared values are reflected in the long term corporate goal of the company and how it explains its reasons for being. ObjectivesStrategy, systems and structure are cognise as hard elements while skills, style, staff as well as shared values are known as soft elements. Each of them attend tos in development and execution of the business process in a precise manner so as to develop your organizational skills. The HR departments task is therefore to have a clear understanding of the company, and make proper use of these factors in order to fulfill long term corporate goals. How to use the framework?The above mentioned framework behind be used to detect the gaps which might appear in the business processes, and create misalignments. They help the HRteam to identify the exact areas where these problems are arising and can be used to psychoanalyze a convince in systems and ways in which it impacts the company as a whole. Planning the process of change pull up stakes help in ensuring that all elements mentioned in the 7 S models are balanced to perfection. As a result, all processes as well as departments can be aligned with each other and help in achievement of that objective. The 7 S models can be used in order to analyze the present situation of the business, the envisioned future goal as well as detects the gaps between them. abducehttp//classof1.com/homework-help/human-resource-management-homework-help

People Behaviour Essay

Methodology is concern with both the detail look into methods through with data is collected, and the more than general philosophies upon which the collection and analysis of data are based. In methodological analysis there are two types of enquiry methods in which tecs can depend on when look foring. These are quantifiable and Qualitative research. Quantitative research deals with a term which August Comte came up with, Positivism. This quantitative research deals with more scientific research than based on theory, it foc uses on scientific methods of study.Despite the considerable influence of the scientific approaches to sociological methodology, an alternative series of empathizeive or qualitative approaches has long existed within sociology. Qualitative research often collects subjective data such as information about peoples emotions, feelings and value and overly isnt structure like quantitative research. Between both the Quantitative and Qualitative research, quantita tive uses questionnaire to gather data. A questionnaire is a number of preset questions that can contain open-ended, fixed pick or combination of both types of questions. In this essay it would be shown that questionnaires can non be used to detain the fair play about peoples behaviour, further to an extent.In questionnaire research the same questions are usually disposed(p) to answerers in the same order so that the same information can be collected from any member of the sample. There are many methods on how to distribute questionnaires. The origin method would be the postal questionnaire, as the name suggests it is mailed to the answerers with a stamped address envelope for return to the investigator. Postal questionnaires are kinda inexpensive, time consuming and has little slight than fifty percent (50%) ofthe questionnaires posted back.This would seriously bias the detective research, since there may be systematic differences between those who returned questionnair es than those who did not. For example, the main response to a postal questionnaire on marital relationships might come from those experiencing marital problems and wish to air their grievance. If non-respondents were happily married, the researcher would be excessive in making generalizations about married life on the basis of the return questionnaires. wherefore the researcher would not be able to analyse the questions clearly and would not be able to analyse correctly the married couples who are happy, sad, frustrated or even devoice, because of the lack of questionnaires missing from married couples.Apart from the first method, the second method has a far higher return rate than the postal. This is because it is to administer the questionnaire to a chemical group such as a class of students or workers at a union meeting. This method is less expensive and maintains the advantage of the presence of an interviewer. However, the interviewer must ensure that the respondents do no t discuss anything while doing the questionnaire, payable to the researcher would like the respondent own view and not from the help of others. This would therefore give the researcher an image towards how the respondent expresses themselves towards the questions within the questionnaire.The first two (2) methods that were stated above both used questionnaires primarily the first through postal and the second has an interviewer present at the time the questionnaires were given out. This method in the other hand is done through the telephone. This is mostly used in conducting of market research for companies, but it is not usually regarded satisfactory by sociologist. According to (Aldridge and Levine, 2001), it is hard to establish rapport in such interviews, disadvantage groups tend to be under-represented in samples, it is difficult to ask sensitive questions, respondents cannot be expected to come back a wide range of possible answers to fixed-choice questions, and visual aids cannot be used. This may make the respondent very uncomfortable and due to that they would not be willing to cooperate and answer the telephone questionnaire.Therefore this may make it very hard on the researcher due to he or she would not be able to gain a proper response from the respondent.The fourth possibility is to administer questionnaires by e-mail. According to (Geoff Payne and Judy Payne, 2004), this may be a useful way of conducting dispersed groups of people, or those who might not wish to be questioned face-to-face. For example, it has been used in a study of people who committed self-harm. Although this method has its advantages, it also has its disadvantages. A problem of this is that genuine anonymity is difficult to assure since it is possible to track the source of an emailed response. some other big problem may be that the sample is restricted to those with access to computers and may therefore be unrepresentative, although the significance of this will diminish a s the number of people without email and internet fails. This therefore would be a problem to the researcher because he or she may not be able to interpret the behaviour of the respondent towards the questionnaire and also the respondent may not take on the research seriously. These things embarrass the researcher from collecting data towards his or her research.There are many reasons towards why questionnaires are irrelevant to charm the behaviour of people. But there are one or two reasons that could help the research in that, but only up to an extent. The second method that was stated can be of use in this by the interviewer watching every ones reaction towards the questionnaire. This can determine the respondent answer by the feedback he or she gave during reading the questions.In conclusion, questionnaires can be used to draw peoples behaviour but to an extent. Yet it have been shown in this essay that you cannot simply capture someone behaviour with the use of questionnair es. It is due because the respondent can lie during the questionnaire or even the researcher would not get back a proper feedback to determine the respondent answer. In the end it has been shown that questionnaires cannot capture peoples behaviour.

The case study 1-1 lincon Electric Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The cheek study 1-1 lincon electric - act Example33) Use module theory and evidence from the firms past take in to seek the advantages and disadvantages of these entry modes. Which would you recommend for use in Lincolns entry to India, and why........................................................................................................................7 How far and in what ways have Lincoln Electric developed dynamic capabilities through learning form experience in Japan, South Korea and China? Apply your analysis to explain what changes the firm will need to bind to its resource management strategy in order to succeed in India........12 Appendix 1- Bibliography...16 Section A Identify and appraise the key strategic issues confronting John Stropki as he leads the expansion of Lincoln Electrics international Business in 2006. ... John Stropki, the Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and the President of the friendship, has vie a key role in expanding the companys busine ss glob eithery, and now he is cooking to expand the operation in India in 2006, after covering the markets in North America, Latin America, europium and Asia Pacific. The company has expanded its operation world-wide through joint ventures, acquisitions and establishing its own plants through out the humankind as a major part of its strategy. In its present strategy the company has set a range of financial goals which are not likely to be satisfied only by its trading operations in the home market of United States. The companys revenue are still derived in the main form North America where as the market of welding industry is growing fast all over the globe. Companys latest goals include double sales growth as compared to the worldwide industrial production, operational margins of over 15% earnings growth of 10% annually, and return on impartiality of more than 20%. In order to achieve these goals the company had spent approximately two thirds of its vacate cash flow on glo bal expansion. Now the CEO/Chairman and also the President of the company is focusing on its experience in China and how he can use it so that the same(p) mistakes are not repeated. According to Kendizor, there are a certain kinds of factors that a company should mean when its set on the course of expanding its operations globally. Business Risk The Business risk is advanced as the stability of the business overall structure depends on how the results would turn up. We have seen in the case of Lincoln Electric in the year 1999, that whenever it entered a global market unprepared it has suffered huge losses, not only internationally but locally as well. Financial Risk Though

International Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

world(prenominal) Relations - Essay ExampleThe 20th century was welcomed with the Arabian fightfare that lasted for twenty five years. The subsequent years were full of expeditions change integrity with colonization of various mappings of the manhood by powerful nations mostly from the west. The colonies in various countries started engaging their colonial masters in uprisings mixed with revolutions in the realism. The main one is the Russian revolution of 1905 followed by American occupation of Cuba (Schulzinger 234). The Chinese republican revolution of 1911 ushered in the First globe War that lasted for four years. The World War I reshaped the governance of the world because there was emergence of alliances amongst the most powerful countries of the world. The Allies made up of France, The United body politic and Russia, the Triple Entente, against the Central powers which was centered on the Triple Alliance of Austria-Hungary, Italy and Germany but Italy didnt enter the war since Hungary was offensive (Bagby 65). Italy later joined the Allies. Many people died and later paved way for many revolutions compensate in the colonies because many soldiers were recruited from the colonies and they were now well equipped and experienced to fight the colonizers. The war had been triggered by blackwash of Archduke Ferdinand of Austria by a Serbian leading to a revenge and subsequent entry of other countries that were affiliate to the respective countries. The Allies were victorious as the central powers guide by Germany were forced to retreat. This war led to redrawing of the European map because some nations lost huge chunks of land and formation of smaller nations as a result of disintegration of major powers. The world did not get peace even after the prototypic word war, Haitian and China Revolt followed and the Russian Revolution of 1917 and the subsequent Russian civil war the following year. The world was shaken again in 1939 when the World War I I started and when through to 1945. During this war, the axis powers, Japan, Germany and Italy as they tried to dominate the world against the Allied powers, Britain, United States, USSR and France. The ugliest event during this war was the atomic bombs that were dropped in Japan by the US the bombs destroyed the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the atomic bombs caused a lot of suffering to the Japanese (Rittberger 127). on that point havent been major wars again although peace is yet to be realized in the world mostly due to the tension that was caused by the cold war that sparked war in some countries equivalent Korea. The recent armed wars include the US invasion of Iraq, the Somali crisis that is worse due to emergence of Al shabab and subsequent entry of Kenya to try and stamp it out and the death of Osama as Al Qaeda leader. The International relations are taken care of by The United Nations that was formed after the Second World War. Among the most challenging tasks globa lly has been terrorism and global warming. Terrorism which is as a result of vicious violence and war or general use of terror as means of coercion, is however politically instigated and at times used by a state to legitimize its actions against some groups. Terrorism has been part of the current world due continued disagreements amongst the world leaders thus the many aggressions against one another(prenominal) in the name of

Adam Aircraft Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

transport Aircraft - Essay ExampleThe strategies of the company were typically customer oriented that were endeavored towards producing light, comfortable, affordable and fast aircrafts. Findings The company face up many severe challenges. One of the prime challenges faced by the company was the availability of limited fund. The aspects of curt cartridge clip and lack of skilled workforce were the other vital challenges for the company. At the aforesaid(prenominal) time, the company established that in order to succeed in aircraft industry, it must develop new and innovative products. Recommendations Addressing the challenges faced by the company, certain recommendation have been given. In this regard, the company must cautiously utilize the available time and funds. Any kind of wastage within the company should be quickly curtailed. Further, it should seriously consider the rules and regulation positively charged by FAA in order to prevent any delays during the work process. Table of Contents Memo 2 Table of Contents 4 Introduction 5 Thesis Statement 5 Identification and paygrade of the Companys Existing Mission, Objectives and Strategies 5 Identification of the Key Strategic Issues (Problem Statement) 7 The Causes of the Problem 8 Identification of the Key Inferences and Assumptions 9 Alternative Solutions 10 Recommendations 12 Conclusion 15 Works Cited 16 Introduction Rick Adam, a successful entrepreneur who had a passion for flight of stairs, founded Adam Aircraft Company in the year 1998. Adam identify the market place needs and conducted an efficacious market research as advantageously as analysis as the result of his efforts, Adam Aircraft was founded. Rick Adams passion for flying has developed since his childhood - he got inspiration from his father, George Adam Sr who had served as an Air Force policeman during the World War II (Hedberg and Hamilton, Adam Aircraft). Thesis Statement This paper is all about devising a thorough analysis of the case study relating to Adam Aircraft Company by concerning certain earthshaking aspects. In this regard, the aspects include the identification as headspring as the evaluation of the companys exist mission, objectives and recognition of chief strategic issues along with the reasons for the problems. Various aspects such as the identification of the key facts and the assumptions skeletal from the aforementioned aspects, proposition of alternative solutions and specific recommendations for action will also be portrayed in the paper. Identification and Evaluation of the Companys Existing Mission, Objectives and Strategies During the period of the establishment of Adam Aircraft, it has been viewed that the airplane market possessed high entry barriers and required to invest huge capital in order to rise as well as to implement effective business strategies. In this similar context, Rick identified the pitfalls associated with aircraft manufacturers that included the problems rel ating to aircraft designing, building and certifying new aircraft. Furthermore, he also identified the prime reasons behind the success and the ill of those companies who had entered the aircraft manufacturing industry with high enthusiasm. The detailed analysis of these significant factors ultimately led him towards recognizing new as well as innovative ways for entering into the aircraft industry. Rick founded the company with the purposeful mission of delivering quality and efficient products or services to its potential customers and ensuring greater customer satisfaction by meting their respective expectations and needs. At the same time, the objectives of the company were to manufacture and deliver advanced aircraft support structure sin the finest way to its valuable

Freedom of Movement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Freedom of achievement - Essay ExampleAs Sergio Carrera (2005) suggests, the sound to move set-apartly represents one of the fundamental freedoms of the internal market as well as an necessary political element of the package of rights linked to the very status of EU citizenship. So the right to free movement is one of the foundations of the community, but there atomic number 18 hidden and visible obstacles to the free movements of persons in atomic number 63 (Carrera, 2005) that need to be considered.How many EU citizens has the free movement law enabled The last available statistics are for 1999, when the European Commission calculated that there were 2,700,000 EU Nationals (1.8% of the total manpower) working in a sub incision state other than their own. (European, 2001) While not a massive number proportional to the total population, the migration of the workforce that these people represent are an essential part of the structure of a unified Europe. The whole oppugn of t he free movement of people within the EU is in fact part of a more broader question that has yet to be answered or even fully defined. Namely, is Europe heading towards a sincere federal unity or merely a patchwork of relationships between countries that eat very finishing ties but which are still quite clearly separate sovereign states The basic question is, testament there be a United States of Europe Until Europeans decide upon how this question needs to be framed, and in what way it will be answered, matters such as the free movement of persons will always be subject to this often unspoken but overwhelming dilemma what is Europe As Craig and de Burca put it, condescension all the discussion in recent years of a finalite politique, this active, reflexive and constantly changing edict seems unlikely to reach a firm settlement in the near future. (Craig, 2003)This discussion will be divided into cardinal basic sections. First the movement of EU citizens, and second, the mov ement of non-EU citizens throughout the community. Together with these two sections, the events of 9/11/2001 and the subsequent tightening of security throughout Europe brought about a division between pre and post 9/11. While the full connotations of the post 9/11 security measures have yet to be fulfilled, it does represent a watershed in law regarding movement. First, movement of EU citizens in the context of the Treaty and subsequent case-law. In 1997 the draft Treaty of Amsterdam was published, and it Article B gave trend to the abolition of internal borders between the Member States and the regulation of admission of persons through external borders. (Amsterdam, 1997) While ternion member states (UK, Ireland and Denmark) opted out of this provision, the European Court of Justice was given jurisdiction to interpret measures that were brought in by the European Parliament, though with a more limited jurisdiction than in any other cogitation of community law. (Guild, 1998)After the Treaty of Rome and subsequent Treaties that drew European countries into union, the concept of the free Movement of Persons was based upon economic policy. If there was to be free movement of trade then people mandatory to be included within the equation. As Jeffrey (2004) puts it, in this context human universes were treated as being simply another economic factor within the new European market persons were given a right to move freely within that market, but so were investments, professional services, machine tools, and cheeses.

Criminalology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Criminalology - Essay characterInstitutional violence is a chaotic incidence that results in physical or mental injuries. In this case, the violence culminates into suffering, loss and body harm. There argon five main types of institutional violence. Intrapersonal violence occurs when a person decides to harm himself /herself. In this case, the occurrence is referred to as suicide or self mutilation. People rate suicide through poisoning, hanging or drowning among other forms of suicide. Interpersonal violence condenses place between cardinal persons. In this case, a person causes body harm to another one in cases such as rape, sexual assault and psychological attach among others. Gang violence is usually perpetrated by a root word of nonionic criminals or a gang. In this case, the gang organizes attack on a person or a group of persons. The gang is usually formally organized or loosely attached to each other to commit a crime. Organized attack is perpetrated by a group of well organized attackers to the prison staff. Lastly, institutional violence is the attack done by the prison staff to the offender. In this case, the prisoners are sexually, emotionally and sexually attacked by the prison wardens.The rehabilitation program must have class and taciturn objectives. In this case, objectives to be achieved must be clearly stipulated and communicated to both the facilitator and the prisoners. At the beginning of the rehabilitation classes, the facilitator should take sufficient time to explain to the prisoners the specific steps that they need to have achieved by the end of a specified period. In this case, the goals need to be reasonably figural to help the learner realize how overmuch they have achieved and how much is yet to be done. In addition, these goals require to be based on clear theories or concepts. As such, the goals must be drawn for extensive research conducted by reputable

Strategy Development for Crossan et al Research Paper

Strategy Development for Crossan et al - Research newspaper publisher ExampleTwo approaches to scheme confuse been discussed to elucidate the process of dodge development. As the purpose of the outline in business is important and cannot be overemphasized, so much more is the process by which strategy is developed and identified. A manager must always deal with the four components of a strategy as identified by Crossan et al. (2002), and these are the goals, product market focus, value propositions, and core activities. How the manager tackles these four components in order to craft a strategy that aims to deliver the company bottom line represents how he approaches strategy development. Accordingly, in that location are many arguments about how strategy should be developed. Crossan et al (2002) observed two litigious issues surrounding strategy formulation, and these are whether strategy should be approached clinically, as in a well defined, analytic process, or experientiall y, as in trial and error process guided by a set of patterns from past experiences. Crossan et al (2002) referred to these approaches as intended strategy referring to the former, and emergent strategy referring to the latter.It operates with some mannequin of precision to everything that it does, guided by rules and policies, and where decisions are centrally made by a select few. nonpareil can naturally expect that in organizations engaging in a planned approach to strategy, there is no room for spontaneous action and innovation, guided by creativity and out-of-the-box thinking. As has been discussed, Mintzberg (1998, cited by Crossan et al., 2002) has been mentioned to have seen problems in the operationalization of planned strategies.

Homework Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Homework - Assignment ExampleCadenas sales force is likely to be passionless about the value-in-use pricing strategy. This is because, by using the cost plus pricing strategy, they would sell more since the PESA would be provided for free. This would encourage more customers to buy the servers since they leave be provided the extra application for free. Nevertheless, they would also be encourage to sell using the value-in-use pricing strategy since it will it offers a higher price thus a chance to a bigger commission (Bharadwaj and Gordon 4-6). Therefore, Jowers would recommend that the sales force should undergo training in order to comprehend and sell the value of PESA effectively. This will be achieved by convincing consumers that the represents higher productivity and greater savings.In the beginning, consumers will likely question the companys reasoning in deviating from their customs approach of providing such performance enhancing tools like PESA for free. This is one of the most difficult tasks that are associated Atlantic pot pricing. Therefore Atlantic Computers should strive to demonstrate to their consumers that PESA fundamentally quadruples the number of usual and basic TRONN servers. Additionally, they will subscribe to emphasize that the tool will provide a saving aspect depending on the number of servers being purchased as well as saving on other costs. It is also imperative to ensure that they go forward to providing excellent after sale service to encourage loyalty (Bharadwaj and Gordon 5-7).It is projected that the Atlantic Bundle will take approximately 4% market share. Therefore, it is improbable that Ontario will have any concerns at that picky time and would likely not take any counteracting measures at the new product entry in the market. However, Ontario is likely to take two to three years before

Business to Business Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Business to Business Marketing - essay ExampleThis research will begin with the presentation of advantages and disadvantages of work pack. A trade block represents a group of countries who make an agreement among themselves that they will not trade with the countries except the piece countries. It is an economic integrating has some signifi open firet economic advantages. close to important advantages are the followings.Being a member of trading bloc, a country will get the benefit of elimination of transaction cost between the member countries. In a trading bloc, there is single foodstuff single currency across the confederation like Euro in all the countries in EU which make sense for the trade in the homogeneous medium of transaction.Trade block is an effective inflation controller. Apart from having some beneficial areas, trade block has some painful difficulties. or so disadvantages are the followings. If a country can produce or prevarication a unafraid at a compara tively at a low cost as well as can sell at low determine than the regional producer of a the neighbour country under trade block, then the retailer of that neighbour country cannot import that good from there at lower price so that it can sell in lower price in domestic market and can increase the demand. The researcher believes a loss of sovereignty in the countries of electromagnetic unit is there because of countries not having individual interchange bank run the domestic government of a country. Some economies argued that cost advantages and trade benefit are grossly overestimate which does not reflects the real hand over and upstart Euro crisis is the result of long term overestimation of these.... ighbour country under trade block, then the retailer of that neighbour country cannot import that good from there at lower price so that it can sell in lower price in domestic market and can increase the demand. I believe a loss of sovereignty in the countries of EMU is there be cause of countries not having individual central bank run the domestic government of a country. So, government are elected by diametrical people of different countries but the economy is same and this is a dispute of sovereignty across the countries. I think overestimation of trade benefit results belike a wrong picture of the trade union. Some economies argued that cost advantages and trade benefit are grossly overestimate which does not reflects the real picture and recent Euro crisis is the result of long term overestimation of these (OECD, 2000, P.6). B) Influence of trading bloc in B2B business Some important benefits always positively influence the businesses inside the trade block like the countries in EMU dont have pay the tariff for doing business among all the countries of the union. This reduces a huge functional cost and products and services get the price benefit. Apart from this a huge currency liberal market is there for any product and services the market can be b eneficial by prudence a huge amount of transactional cost. Similarly the disadvantages of trading block have footprints into the union market. The retailers are likely forced to get supply of goods by from the producer in comparatively high price within the union. This is because the producer in the trade block gets a monopoly advantage due to the bloc of import by the retailers from outside countries. Answer2 A) Concept of added value in B2B market A restructuring of features and benefits or enhancement added to a